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Who owns the copyright to children's book illustrations?
This is something you should discuss with your illustrator before the project starts, not after it has finished.
Copyright and usage rights are not necessarily the same thing. All illustrators are different regarding copyright and usage. I'm a simple soul and when you pay me you own it all... forever!

An illustrator might retain copyright while giving the author permission to use the artwork in particular ways. Another illustrator might offer a licence covering specific uses. Others, including myself, may agree to transfer ownership of the rights as part of the project.
There isn't one arrangement that is automatically right for every author.
The important thing is that you know exactly what you're buying.
Can you use the illustrations in the printed book?
Can you use them on your website?
Can you use them for advertising?
Can you create merchandise?
Can you sell the book internationally?
Can you adapt the characters in future?
These are all things worth establishing in writing.
I work on a work-for-hire basis, so my picture-book package transfers the worldwide rights in the artwork to the client in perpetuity. That's a deliberate part of the service I offer, because I know many independent authors want complete ownership of their book.
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